Quantitative Techniques in Management
Assignment A
| | ||||||||
| No. of tablets | 4-8 | 8-12 | 12-16 | 16-20 | 20-24 | 24-28 | 28-32 | 32-36 | 36-40 |
| No. of | 11 | 13 | 16 | 14 | ? | 9 | 17 | 6 | 4 |
| persons cured | | | | | | | | | |
The average number of tablets to curve fever was 19.9.
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2. You are supplied the following data about heights of students in a college.
| | Boys | Girls |
| Number | 72 | 38 |
| Average height (inches) | 68 | 61 |
| Variance of distribution | 9 | 4 |
Find out:
(a). In which sex, boys or girls, is there greater variability in individual heights.
(b). Common average heights in boys and girls.
(c). Standard deviation of height of boys and girls taken together.
(d). Combined variability.
3. The sales of a company in thousands of Rs for the year 1965 through 1971 are given below:
| Year | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 |
| Sales | 32 | 47 | 65 | 92 | 132 | 190 | 275 |
Estimate the sales figure for the year 1972 using an equation of the form. Y=abJ where x= year and Y= sales.
4. Find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
| X | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Y | 12 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 19 | 18 |
5. The following are the index of annual production of a certain commodity, assume 5 yearly cycles, and find out the trend values.
| Year | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 |
| Index | 225 | 210 | 201 | 215 | 223 | 245 | 235 | 225 | 233 |
| Year | 1950 | 1951 | | ||||||
| Index | 249 | 265 | |||||||
Assignment - B
Q1) A die is tossed 120 times with the following results:
| No. turned up | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Total |
| Frequency | 30 | 25 | 18 | 10 | 22 | 15 | 120 |
Test the hypothesis that the die is unbiased.
Q2) Ballast must weigh 150 kg. It can be made from two raw materials, A (with a cost of Rs. 20 per unit) and B (with a cost of Rs. 80 per unit). At least 14 units of B and no more than 20 units of A must be used. Each unit of A weighs 5 kg and each unit of B weighs 10 kg. How many units of each type of raw material must be used for a product to minimize cost?
Q3) A company is trying to decide whether to bid for a certain contract or not. They estimate that merely preparing the bid will cost Rs. 10,000. If their company bid then they estimate that there is a 50% chance that their bid will be put on the "short-list", otherwise their bid will be rejected. Once "short-listed" the company will have to supply further detailed information (entailing costs estimated at Rs.5,000). After this stage their bid will either be accepted or rejected. The company estimates that the labor and material costs associated with the contract are Rs. 127,000. They are considering three possible bid prices, namely £155,000, £170,000 and £190,000. They estimate that the probability of these bids being accepted (once they have been short-listed) is 0.90, 0.75 and 0.35 respectively. What should the company do and what is the expected monetary value of your suggested course of action?
Case Study
The Department of Environment has theorized that pollution levels are higher in winter (I
& IV Quarter) than summer (II & III Quarter) and that they are increasing over the years.
The following data was collected:
Quarter I II III IV
1996 293 246 231 282
1997 301 252 227 291
1998 304 259 239 296
1999 306 265 240 300
a. Determine the seasonal indices and deseasonalize the data.
b. Calculate the regression line that is described by this data.
c. Are both the assumptions of the department of Environment correct? You may test to a
significance level of 0.05.
Assignment 3
1. If A and B are independent events with P (A) = 0.25, P (B) =0.4 and P (A UB) = 0.5,
then, P (A/B) & P (B/A) are
a. 0.25 & 0.4
b. 0.600 & 0.275
c. 0.725 & 0.275
d. 0.650 & 0.650
e. 0.542 & 0.335
2. If you want to test the whether the change is significant on the mean body weight on a
group of randomly chosen people after a particular diet is administered, you should
employ
a. Paired-t test
b. A simple t test
c. An independent single sample t test
d. An independent two sample t test
e. Variance test
3. Cluster sampling is
a. a non-probability sampling method
b. the same as convenience sampling
c. a probability sampling method
d. Judgement sampling
e. None of these alternatives is correct.
4. A LP problem has 3 decision variables and 5 constraints. How many non basic
variables are there?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 8
d. 7
e. 2
5. If a random variable X is distributed normally with mean 30 and variance 25, find out
P(X>40)
a. 0.222 0
b. 0.0228
c. 0.0954
d. 0.0233
e. 0.0919
6. A sampling method in which the population is divided into groups such that each
group has a small variation with in itself and a wide variation between themselves and
samples are drawn from each group is known as
a. Random sampling
b. Stratified sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Systematic sampling
e. Judgmental sampling
7. The following linear trend expression was estimated using a time series with 17 time
periods.
Tt= 129.2 + 3.8t
The trend projection for time period 18 is
a. 68.4
b. 193.8
c. 197.6
d. 6.84
e.19.38
8. If the sampling fraction n/N is less than 0.05, the standard error of the sample mean is
given by
a. s / Ön
b. s / Ön x Ö[(N- n)/(N- 1)
c. s / Ön x Ö(N/n)
d. s / Ön x Ö[(N-1)/(N- n)
e. s
9. The sample mean is the point estimator of
a. m
b. s
C. c
d. p
e. S
10. A regression analysis between sales (Y in $1000) and advertising (X in dollars)
resulted in the following equation
Y$ = 30,000 + 4 X
The above equation implies that an
a. Increase of $4 in advertising is associated with an increase of $4,000 in sales
b. Increase of $1 in advertising is associated with an increase of $4 in sales
c. Increase of $1 in advertising is associated with an increase of $34,000 in sales
d. Increase of $1 in advertising is associated with an increase of $4,000 in sales
e. Increase of $4 in advertising is associated with an increase of $30,000 in sales
11. A random Variable has the following probability distribution:
X P(X)
0 0.05
1 0.1
2 0.15
3 0.20
4 0.25
5 0.10
6 0.15
What is the value of P(l<= X<=5)?
a. 0.80
b. 0.25
c. 0.15
d. 0.10
e. 0.30
12. Two cards are drawn without replacement from a deck of 52 cards. What is the
probability of drawing two queens?
a. 1/221
b. 1/121
c. 1/321
d. 1/421
e. 1/111
13. Assume a binomial probability distribution with n = 40 and p = .55. Compute the
mean and standard deviation of the random variable.
a. Mean = 22 and SD = 3.146
b. Mean = 20 and SD = 3.146
c. Mean = 24 and SD = 3.146
d. Mean = 26 and SD = 3.146
e. Mean= 18 and SD = 3.146
14. From a calendar for 2005 we sample every 11th day starting from January 7th; what
type of sampling is this?
a. Judgemental sampling
b. Simple random sampling without replacement
c. Systematic sampling
d. Cluster sampling
e. Simple random sampling with replacement
15. In a goodness-of-fit test where the sample size is 200, there are 5 categories, and the
significance level is .05. The critical value of %2 is
a. 9.488
b. 11.070
c. 43.773
d. 45.887
e. 25.669
16. To conduct the sign test, we assume
a. The population is normally distributed
b. The scale of measurement is interval
c. The samples are dependent
d. There are at least 20 observations in the sample
e. There are minimum 25 observations in the sample
17. A time series component which cannot be analysed by a mathematical model is:
a. Trend
b. Seasonal
c. Cyclical
d. Random
e. Cyclical and random
18. Which of the following cannot be inferred from a scatter diagram?
a. Cause effect relationships
b. Presence or absence of relationships
c. Linear or curvilinear relationship
d. Direct or inverse relationship
e. All can be studied
19. Which of the following is true of the coefficient of determination?
a. It is the square of the correlation coefficient
b. It conveys the extent to which the variations are explained by the regression equation
c. It conveys the extent to which the variations are unexplained by the regression
equation
d. Both (a) and (b) above
e. Both (a) and (c) above
20. When formulating Transportation LP problems, constraints usually deal with:
a. The number of items to be transported
b. The shipping costs associated with transporting goods
c. The distance goods are to be transported
d. The number of origins and destinations
e. The capacities of origins and requirements of destinations
21. If the coefficient of correlation between two variables X and Y is equal to one, then
there is
a. No relationship between variables X and Y
b. A perfect positive linear relationship between variables X and Y
c. A perfect negative linear relationship between variables X and Y
d. A cause and affect relation exists between X and Y
e. A weak association between variables X and Y
22. An inventor claims that her new petrol additive will drastically enhance the mileage
of the petrol powered cars. Currently, the vehicle runs as average mileage 15 km for one
litre of petrol. The appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in evaluating her claim
will be (in the order of HO and Ha)
a. X=15, X> 15 b.X=15,X<15, c.X>15,X=15 d.X=15,X=15, e. X= 15, X = < 15
23. After deseasonalisation, a time series can be represented as
a. Y = S x C x I
b. Y = TxSxCxI
c. Y = TxCxI
d. Y = TxSxI
e. Y = TXSXC
24. If one regression coefficient is greater than unity then the other must be:
a. Greater than the first one
b. Equal to unity
c. Less than unity
d. Equal to zero
e. Less than the first one
25. Which of the following statements is false?
a. In a proper random sampling, every element of the population has a known (and often
equal) chance of being selected
b. The precision of a sample mean or sample proportion depends only upon the sample
size (and not the population size) in a proper random sample
c. Convenience sampling often leads to biases in estimates since the sample is often not
representative of the population
d. If a sample of 1000000 families is randomly selected from all of Kota (with about
8000000 families) and the average family income is computed, then the true value of the
family income for all families in Kota is known
e. None of the above
26. For two variables x and y to be independent of each other which of the following
must be true
a. s x = sy
b. s 2x = s2y
c. Cov (x, y) = 0
d. 
= 
e. E(x) = E(y)
27. Which of the following is a true measure of regret?
a. Maximum possible profits - realized profits
b. Maximum of minimum profits - minimum of minimum profits
c. Maximum possible profits - foregone profits
d. Maximum of maximum profits - maximum of minimum profits
e. Maximum possible profits - minimum of maximum profits.
28. A sample of 15 is drawn from a population size of 100. The finite population
correction factor is
a. 0.150
b. 0.184
c. 0.523
d. 0.834
e. 0.9266
29. Which of the following represents repetitive and predictable movements around the
trend line within a time period of one year or less?
a. Secular trend
b. Cyclical fluctuation
c. Seasonal variation
d. Irregul ar vari ati on
e. Temporary variation.
30. Which of the following is true with respect to the method of least squares?
a. Sum of the squared values of the horizontal distances from the regression line to
the y-axis and the corresponding points of the dependent variable is minimized
b. Sum of the squared values of the vertical distances from the regression line to
the x-axis and the corresponding points of the independent variable is
minimized
c. Sum of the squared values of the horizontal distance from each plotted point
based on the observations to the regression line is minimized
d. Sum of the squared values of the vertical distance from each plotted point to the
regression line is minimized
e. None of the ab ove.
31. The probability that an observation, following a normal distribution, will lie within [i
± 1.3s is
a. 9.5 %
b. 19.0%
c. 40.3%
d. 50.0%
e. 80.6%
32. Arrivals of customers at an ATMs follow the Poisson distribution. The average
arrivals per hour is 6. The probability of exact 6 arrivals in an hour is
a. 1.00
b. 0.50
c. 0.25
d. 0.16
e. 0.10
33. If a random sample of size 15 is selected from a symmetrical population with a
unique mode, the degrees of freedom of the observation is
a. 14
b. 15
c. 16
d. 17
e. 18
34. In regression analysis,___________ represents how much each unit change of the independent variable changes the dependent variable.
a. Slope
b. Y - intercept
c. Standard error of estimate
d. Dependent variable
e. Coefficient of correlation
35. If two variables X and Y are perfectly positively correlated and their standard
deviations are 5 and 10 respectively, then the covariance is
a. 0.40
b. 0.50
c. 2.00
d. 4.00
e. 50.00
36. The sample proportion of ripe mangoes in a large consignment is 0.7. If the upper
limit of a confidence interval for the proportion of ripe mangoes in the lot is 0.86, the
lower limit is:
a. 0.64
b. 0.54
c. Depends on the confidence level
d. Depends on the sample size
e. Both (c) and (d) above
37. A contingency table for two attributes consists of 24 cells. The number of degrees of
freedom for the chi square test statistic is:
a. Depends on the number of rows and columns
b. 24
c. 23
d. 14
e. 15
38. Which of the following statements are true?
a. When the percent of trend is below 100, the relative cyclical trend is negative and conversely
b. When the percent of trend is below 100, the relative cyclical trend is positive
and conversely
c. When the percent of trend is below 100, the relative cyclical trend is negative
but not conversely
d. When the percent of trend is below 100, the relative cyclical trend is positive
but not conversely
e. The two measures have to be considered independently
39. Which of the following is not true of random variations?
a. They can be identified
b. It cannot be explained mathematically
c. They occur in a random manner
d. They cannot be easily predicted
e. All are true
40. The loss from stocking a unit of a product not sold is Rs.30 while the profit from
selling a unit of that product is Rs.50. The minimum probability of selling an extra unit
that will justify stocking it is:
a. 3/5
b. 2/5
c. 3/8
d. 2/8
e. 3/4
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