Assignment – 2
For
Understanding
Oil & Gas Business
Section A (20 Marks)
Write short notes
on any four of the following:
1.
Crude Distillation
2.
Catalytic Reforming
3.
HAZID
4.
Maintenance Management Software
5.
Relationship between Oil Price
& Gas Price
Section B (30 marks)
(Attempt any three)
1.
Give a brief description on
basics of Polymerization.
2.
What are the three main units
used to generate the base petrochemicals?
3.
Discuss the causes and types of
Hazards.
4.
Describe the role of Linear
Programming Applications in Process Plant.
Section C (50 marks)
(Attempt all questions. Every question carries 10 marks)
Read the case “The Indian
Oil pipelines” and answer the following questions:
Case Study: The
Indian Oil pipelines
Allen Diesels has served the Indian
Oil and Gas industry for fifty years. Our products have earned a reputation for
reliability, efficiency and availability and have proved capable of operating
effectively in hazardous conditions. Our engines are incredibly versatile and
can operate on a variety of fuels (LSHS/furnace oil), crude oil, natural gas,
dual fuel and even sewage gas.
• 71
Allen diesel engines have been supplied to the Indian Oil Corporation driving
pumps on crude oil and finished product pipelines.
• 72
Allen diesel engines operate with Oil India Limited driving pumps and
generating power on the Naharkatia to Baraundi crude oil pipeline, the largest
single fleet of Allen engines.
Background
Incorporated in 1959, the Indian Oil
Corporation Limited (IOCL) became a corporation in 1964 since when it has grown
rapidly and has become the leading oil company in India in the areas of
refining, pipeline transportation, and distribution as well as marketing and
associated services. In addition, IOC also offers its expertise to other
developing countries by way of consultancy services and joint ventures in the
oil industry. For crude oil supplies to the Koyaliand Mathura refineries a new
pipeline was built in the mid 1970's for which the Allen S37engine was chosen
to drive the mainline pumping units. Running from Salaya, on the Gulf of Kutch,
to the Mathura refinery, four Allen powered pumping stations were built in the
first phase of the pipeline system. The system has a total length over 750
miles and an original capacity of 7.5 million tonnes per year to the Mathura
refinery and 5 million tonnes per year to the Koyali refinery. The expansion
for the increase in throughput to the existing refineries and additional
refinery at Panipat will require an additional 6 million tonnes per year to be
pumped through the pipeline, as far as Chaksu where the new spur pipeline will
run to the additional refinery at Panipat.
Salaya pumping station
The first (mother) pumping station on
the IOC pipeline is at Salaya in Gujarat and is the starting point for the long
journey to the inland refineries. Using Allen speed increasing gearbox, the
3,000 rpm mainline pumps are driven by three separate 2,289 bhp 12-cylinder
configuration Allen S37 engines, running at 600 rpm.
All the components built or supplied
for the station by Allen Diesels meet API standards for hazardous area
operation. Control equipment on the engines is pneumatically operated and the
pneumatic signals are converted to electrical signals by an interface panel
installed in a safe area. The crude oil is first treated by centrifuging before
delivery to the service tanks. These feed the engine fuel oil re-circulating
system which maintains the correct viscosity and temperature of the fuel. Crude
oil with widely differing characteristics are pumped in this pipeline and come
from Middle East oil-fields, as well as Bombay High and require maximum
versatility in heating and centrifuging equipment. Experience has led to the
latest installations being equipped with larger automatically cleaned
centrifuges because of the high level of sediment in the crude oils being
pumped.
Viramgam, Abu Road and Sendra
At Viramgam, 100 miles inland, the
pipeline is split. The first section, delivers 5 million tonnes per year to the
Koyali refinery and terminal, while the second section pumps 9 million tonnes
per year along the main pipeline to Mathura. In the first phase these were
booster stations at Abu Road and Sendra. In 1987 additional intermediate
booster stations at Sidhpur and Kot were installed and Sendra had two more
engine pump units installed.
Supporting pipeline expansion
In 1995 a further 23 engine pumping
units were supplied and installed over ten pumping stations to increase the
capacity at the Salaya Mathura pipeline, to supply the new Panipat refinery.
Pumping stations were established with Allen 6S37 or 8S37 units arranged as two
duty and one standby. An additional pumping unit was installed and commissioned
at the Salaya site in 1999 as part of an expansion to increase throughput to
the Koyali refinery. Three more Allen 6S37 engine pumping units were installed
at Bareja to increase throughput to 6.5 million per annum in 1999. All of these
engines were arranged with single fuel systems burning the crude oil being
pumped through the pipeline.
Simple operation on crude oil
Initial heating of the crude oil fuel
is affected indirectly through a hot water system heated by electrical
immersion heaters until the crude reaches correct temperature for fuel
injection. Once the first engine is started and on load, engine jacket cooling
water is used to heat the crude oil system. When up to temperature, with one or
more of the engines always in operation, the crude oil system is maintained at
the correct operating temperature and no external electric heating is
necessary.
Starting and stopping of the engines
on crude oil is similar to that now achieved in Allen heavy fuel oil systems.
The fuel oil system is constantly operating and circulating heated crude oil
through the engine fuel pumps. The fuel injector temperature control system
remains on and maintains the correct operating temperature of the fuel
injectors. The fuel oil centrifuge module, circulating module and service tanks
all share heat from engine jacket water systems adding to the overall economy,
readiness and efficiency of the station. The single fuel system eliminates the
need for a changeover arrangement from one fuel to another in these IOC pumping
stations.
KBPL Product Pipeline
In 1994 nine Allen 8S37 engine driven
pump sets were supplied and installed in three stations in the new Kandla
Bhatinda Product Pipeline. This pipeline pumps High Speed Diesel, Light Diesel
Oil (LDO), Kerosene and motor gasolines, from the Panipat refinery north to
Bhatinda and south west to Kandla. Engines were arranged to operate fuelled by
distillate or Light Diesel Oil (which has high wax, water and sulphur content
requiring special handling. A further four Allen 8S37 engine driven pump sets
are being installed in 1999 at two intermediate stations, Sidhpur and Sanganer
to increase the capacity of the pipeline to 8.5million tonnes per annum. As
Panipat grows further expansion is underway.
Update
Indian Oil Corporation quality
initiatives have lead to over 55 of its units earning ISO9001/9002and Salaya
Mathur pipeline has 14001 accreditation. SCADA systems installed during
1998 are now fully functional with the station at Chaksu incorporating leak
detection at accuracy of 2 per cent of flow rate within three minutes.
Haldia-Barauni Crude Pipeline
IOCL completed commissioning of the
new Haldia to Barauni crude oil pipeline in February 1999. This delivers up to
6.2 million tonnes per year of crude oil from Haldia port to the Barauni refinery.
There are two pumping stations on the pipeline each with three 6-cylinder S37
engines developing 2,100 bhp at 750 rpm. In the summer of 2000, two additional
engines were installed to increase the throughput to 7.5 million tonnes per
year.
Ongoing commitment to product
development
Allen Diesels has established a
wealth of experience in pipeline applications through the design, manufacture,
installation and operation of its Allen S37 type pipeline engine. Such
experience has resulted in a continuous development programme for the S37 for
the pipeline environment, resulting in a quite different engine from its early
design. To reflect these important step changes in development, the upgraded
Allen S37 has been issued with a new name: the Allen 4000 Series. Today, the
Allen 4000 Series is one of the world's leading crude oil burning engines.
Questions:
1.
Describe the brief description
of IOCL establishment.
2.
“Today, the Allen 4000 Series
is one of the world's leading crude oil burning engines.” Give your views in
context with the above said statement.
3.
Explain the KBPL Product
Pipeline incorporation.
4.
Add your comments on “Simple
operation on crude oil”.
5.
Discuss the future expansion
and development plans of IOCL.
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