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Accounting for Managers

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Q1. What do you understand by consumer involvement. How would you classify the following purchase decision in terms of high or low involvement decisions? Explain the reason for your classification in each case. (10 Marks)

Gel Pen

An Birthday Greeting Card to wife

Restaurant selection

Car

Selection of school for your child

Stationery for everyday use.

Q2. A well-known International fitness company is planning to set up a nationwide fitness centers in India. Describe how this international company can use psychographics to plan its segmentation and promotion strategy. Using VALS II typology, suggest which segments should the company target and why? (10 Marks)

Q3 What type of information search behaviour would you expect in the first time purchase of the following products and why?

Q3a (5 Marks)

Ice Cream

Skin whitening Cream

Lap top

A study table

Q3b. What are the implications of the above information search behavior for marketers of these products? Explain. (5 Marks)

2. Corporate Finance

Q1: Calculate the degree of operating leverage and degree of financial leverage for the following firms:

Firms	A	B
Sales (Rs.) Variable cost p.u Fixed cost (Rs.) Output (units) Interest	3,60,000 20 72,000 6,000 40,000	7,50,000 150 1,40,000 1,500 80,000

Q2. A Project costs Rs 60,000 and is expected to generate cash inflows as:

Year	Cash inflows(Rs)
1	10,000
2	12,000
3	15,000
4	18,000
5	20,000
6	22,000

Calculate the Net Present Value of the project if the cost of capital is 10%. (10 Marks)

Q3. Solve the following:

a) A company earns 5 per share. The cost of capital is 10%, the rate of return on investment is 14% and the dividend payout ratio is 25%. Calculate the value of each share by using Walter’s Model. (5 Marks)

b) XYZ Limited has a paid-up share capital of Rs. 10 lakhs of Rs. 10 each. The company has a dividend payout rate of 10%. Annual growth rate is expected to be 4%. The capitalisation rate is 20%. Calculate the value of the share of XYZ based on Gordon’s Model. (5 Marks)

3. International Business

Q1. A Mumbai based manufacturer of textile products is negotiating an export contract with a new prospective customer based in Mexico. He is concerned that international trade presents a spectrum of risk, involving differences in regulatory and legal environment, cultural differences, etc. More specifically, he is unsure of how he would receive the payment and the associated risks involved. As a specialist in the subject, you are required to guide him and help him resolve his dilemma regarding choice of payment instrument. (10 Marks)

Q2. A newly appointed General Manager of a domestically strong FMCG company feels that the next big growth thrust can only come from venturing into new international markets. Despite a strong domestic presence, the company is yet to foray into international markets. The CEO of the company, however, is not too convinced about the benefits of such a move, and is not too clear about the ways to enter an international market. Discuss and conclude whether entering international markets will be helpful? If yes, discuss the different ways for the company to enter international markets. (10 Marks)

Q3A) A globally renowned MNC, headquartered in the US and specializing in Children’s toys, has recently forayed into India. However, it has very soon realized that its marketing campaigns and product lines, which have been so successful in other parts of the world, are not working in India. Sales have stagnated and the company is finding it difficult to establish a significant presence in India. It has recently appointed you as General Manager to look into these issues and take the company forward. Could cultural intricacies in the Indian market be a reason behind this? (5 Marks)

Q3B) Suggest ways through which the company can turn around its fortunes in the Indian market. (5 Marks)

4. Operations Management

Q1. The traditional definition of Operations Management considers it to be a transformation system. Explain the transformation system of a restaurant of your choice.

Q2. There are several production systems adopted by firms. Critically evaluate each of the production systems.

Q3. S K Chand furniture manufacturers has provided the following data, units are Rs 1000.

a) Calculate the labour, raw materials and total productivity for the current year

b) Compare the labour, raw materials and total productivity values for the two years

5 Organisational Theory and Design

Q1. Areva is a big invertor and transformer manufacturer with more than 1200 employees .The Company is facing a big challenge of organizational effectiveness mainly due to fast changing market. The company appointed you as a consultant to overcome these challenges, the company is ready to do modifications without losing its existing employees. Provide an appropriate solution to the company (10 Marks)

Q2. Ms Nandita an MBA graduate from Stanford University joins her father’s company after coming back to India. It is a small organization which depends on Ms Mohan Kapoor’s (Nandita’s Father and Owner) and his team having three very senior people who joined the organization since inception. Now Nandita is having big expansion plan for the company but what she is missing in executing her expansion plan is culture. Explain why culture is very important, and what are the factors required for the formation of organizational culture. (10 Marks)

Q3. Mr. Nandan, a Sr. Manager in an IT company at Bangalore, is very clear that he wants only males, that too from Bangalore and nearby places, in his team. He said that we generally have to work late nights; hence managing female staff for late night work is difficult and people from Bangalore have better communication skills. But slowly he observed that his team is losing creativity, motivation and design thinking. Same gender in the same vicinity has a very limited scope of thinking out of the box. You are also a Sr. Manager in the same company with a diverse team having more fun and doing great on employee engagement and the team is performing extraordinarily. Your Boss wants you to convince Mr Nandan to go in for a diverse team.

Answer the following:

a) Identify various barriers in creating diverse workforce. ? (5 Marks)

b) Give points how you will convince Mr Nandan in favour of Diversity (5 Marks)

6. Taxation - Direct and Indirect

Q1. Dr Kabra is planning to visit Singapore to attend a round table conference on Neurological diseases. The conference is for 25 days. He wants to plan his tour in such a manner that his residential status for the relevant previous year remains unaffected. Discuss the charging section which governs the residential status of an Individual? Further, what conditions he has to satisfy in order to remain as Ordinary resident of India for the applicable assessment year. (10 Marks)

Q2. From Income Tax Preview, what factors every Company needs to consider while disbursement of Salary to its Employees? In case of general CTC structure, on which types of allowances management needs to consider tax imposition? Explain the same in light of provisions applicable to the allowances which are fully taxable. What if, an Individual receives salary from more than one employer during the same previous year, how the same will be assessed at the year end? Provide sufficient reasoning for your answer. (10 Marks)

Q3a) Apart from Normal Salary, House Rent, Income from Business / Profession and capital gain, what could be other differential sources of Income for an Individual from Income Tax Act point. of view. Conclude the same with relevant examples. (5 Marks)

Q3b) Mr. Pratik – a Corporate Employee lives in New Delhi and earns a basic salary of Rs. 30,000 per month. The HRA component of his salary is Rs. 15,000 but the actual rent paid by him is Rs. 10,000. How much exemption can he get? What steps Company Management will undertake for calculation of this HRA exemption amount? (5 Marks)

Q1. Arun the managing director is surprised that his profit every year is quite different from what he wants or expects to achieve. someone advised him to install a formal system of budgeting. He employs a fresh accountant to do this. For two years, the accountant faithfully makes all budgets based on previous year accounts. The problem remains unsolved. Advise Arun the managing director and the accountant on what steps they should take. Make assumptions about what is lacking.

Q2. In a factory, actual fixed cost overheads were different from the standard fixed overheads because the actual output, actual time consumed, actual rate per hour and per unit of output differed. Compute the variances taking assumed figures.

Q3. A company has to decide whether to Make or Buy. Through differential cost analysis, how will you ascertain the net difference between the two alternatives so as to assist the management in their decision making? Use hypothetical figures to illustrate.

Q4. As a management accountant you were asked to introduce a system of capital expenditure control for your organization. Explain the important feature you want to incorporate in the system you propose to introduce with the suitable example of a project involving capital expenditure.

Advanced Web Development and Design Tools

Q1. Develop a XML application to get the details of Books (Title, Author Name, ISBN No, Publisher details). List out the details of Management related books. Write DTD, Schema, XZL wherever required?

Q2. Create an online application for monitoring user events using JSP.

Q3. A. Discuss abut EJB architecture and its Components with neat diagram. B. Describe the important services provided by a container to an enterprise bean?

Q4. Develop an employee Payroll system using (RMI) Techniques, the primary methods of Payroll calculation should be accessed from remotely.

Q5. Design web page for hospital Management system with all DHTML features and display the hospital name in all pages using Cookies in JSP.

Database Management System

Q1. Draw various schemes of ordering system and explain the involvement of views levels of data abstraction.

Q2. Draw an E-R diagram for ordering an item in the inventory control system.

Q3. Develop a conceptual data model for a Hospital Information System and write a PL/SQL program using oracle to perform the following tasks.

Q4. Print the patient details – according to room wise.

a) Print the patient details – according to the disease wise.

b) Print the patient details – according to the doctors attending them

c) Consider a real system of your interest and give the skeleton of the development of DSS for that system.

E-COMMERCE: APPLICATION AND SECURITIES

Q1. Take an example of any two e-commerce companies in India providing high end e-commerce solutions and describe how they established customer confidence, trust and ensured privacy and security of the e-commerce transactions.

Q2. Explain SET Protocol used in credit card transactions. What is the main interesting aspect of SET protocol which gives confidence to customers transacting business using the internet?

Q3. Discuss in brief virtual auction. Explain the differences between virtual auction and reverse auction.

Q4. What role does SCM play in Business to Business model i.e. B2B e-Commerce.

E-COMMERCE

Q1. Describe the current e-commerce scenario in India and explain the future prospect of e-commerce.

Q2. Explain the characteristics of large companies that involve B2G and B2C transactions in their business, which require roboust, capable and scalable electronic commerce system.

Q3. Visit the following sites:

www.olx.com

www.labour.tn.gov.in

www.clicks.co.za

www.digitalplanet.co.za

a. For each site determine whether it is in the exposure stage, interaction stage, e-commerce stage or e-business stage. Provide reasons for your answer.

b. Determine whether each site is B2C, C2C, C2B or B2B and why.

c. Critically discuss the process of setting up a free-standing website and evaluate the potential of e-commerce for small business development in India.

Q4. Consider the development of a portal for a Retailer shop. Discuss the various technologies, tools and components involved in designing the same..

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

Q1. Large corporations like General Motors (GM), Ford, Hewlett Packard (HP), and Digital primarily viewed themselves as manufacturing companies until the 1980s. With the globalization of operations and the proliferation of computer networks, it was important that the manufacturing organizations extend their information system across the supply chain with ERP solutions. Discuss your views on this aspect.

Q2. As you are a General Manager in a reputed manufacturing firm and you wish to implement ERP to replace the existing system. But the employees were unaware about the new methodologies. How will you react and successfully implement the ERP.

Q3. Imagine that you are a manager in a firm and implemented ERP system but that is failed in your company, what type of strategies that you will follow to recover it?

Q4. Implementation of an ERP system is a major investment and commitment for any organization, but still many ERP implementations fail. What are factors that contribute to the failure of ERP implementation?

Financial and Management Accounting

Q1. Arun the managing director is surprised that his profit every year is quite different from what he wants or expects to achieve someone advised him to install a formal system of budgeting. He employs a fresh accountant to do this. For two years, the accountant faithfully makes all budgets based on previous year accounts. The problem remains unsolved. Advise Arun the managing director and the accountant on what steps they should take. Make assumptions about what is lacking.

Q2. In a factory, actual fixed cost overheads were different from the standard fixed overheads because the actual output, actual time consumed, actual rate per hour and per unit of output differed. Compute the variances taking assumed figures.

Q3. A company has to decide whether to Make or Buy. Through differential cost analysis, how will you ascertain the net difference between the two alternatives so as to assist the management in their decision making? Use hypothetical figures to illustrate.

Q4. As a management accountant you are asked to introduce a system of capital expenditure control for your organization. Explain the important feature you want to incorporate in the system you propose to introduce with the suitable example of a project involving capital expenditure.

Financial Management

Q1. “The consequences of over- capitalisation are far more serious and fatal than under-capitalisation.” – Discuss.

Q2. “An optimal combination of the decisions relating to investment, financing and dividends will maximise the value of the firm to its shareholders”. – Examine

Q3. “Efficiency inventory management is reflected in the liquidity and profitability of the firm.” – Explain.

Q4. “A low dividend payout Ratio promotes the welfare of stock holders because long-term capital gains are treated more favourably than dividend income from the tax point of view.” – Justify

GLOBAL MARKETING

Q1. “An important role of global marketing and its clear explanation of responsibility” – Discuss elaborately in a global view.

Q2. Enlist the general problems faced during import and export of fabrics and the solution for it.

Q3. What criteria should Global marketers consider while making product design decisions?

Q4. What, in your view, are the key principles of global marketing? Explain their importance towards marketing success.

Human Resource Management

Q1. “The field of HRM changes so rapidly that had become necessary for one to constantly review procedures and laws to that the practices will be effective and legal”. Critically evaluate this statement.

Q2. “Majority of the testing techniques for selection do not accurately assess the characteristics of the job. In fact most of the executives would divulge that the testing had no impact on future job performance. Do you accept or not? Discuss with justification.

Q3. “Identify the paramount barriers to effective training programme in IT field and how to crush them”. Explain with real life examples.

Q4. Technological advancements and automation are causing high stress and burn out among employees, which results negatively and unable to reap the benefit of automation”. Do you agree or disagree? State your view.

International Accounting

Q1. Make out a trial balance with imaginary figures. Draw the Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet from the trial balance which you have constituted.

Q2. “Price differences in different geographic segments make international accounting a challenging Endeavour”. How experts overcome this challenge?

Q3. ‘'Some knowledge of International Accounting may be necessary for a company even if it is not a multinational." Do you agree with this statement? If so, explain your position.

Q4. Why do companies need to prepare a Funds Flow Statement, when they are already preparing many other financial statements to present their financial position?

International Business

Q1. “Some argue that WTO is the third pillar of global business. But many argue that WTO is the wrong grade organization.” – Critically comment.

Q2. Do you believe that political stability leads to business development and Vice versa? If yes state your answer with examples.

Q3. Analyse the steps taken by Indian government to globalize the economy.

Q4. Do you justify that the working pins would really link the present scenario of international business with that of the future?

Internet and Java Programming

Q1. Develop an employee class which implements the comparable and clone able interfaces. Implement the sorting of persons (based on name in alphabetical). Also implement the shallow copy (for name and age) and deep copy (for Data of Joining).

Q2. Discuss the java database connectivity. Write an AWT program to explain JDBC connectivity for college admission system.

Q3. Explain in detail the Applet life cycle. Write a program to show the working of every function in Applet. Discuss how Applets are virus free.

Q4. Write a java program that correctly implements producer consumer problem using the concept of inter thread communication.

Labour Welfare and Industrial Relations

Q1. “Labour Union meant for the right of the employees”- Do you agree - Substantiate your views.

Q2. “Ensuring Industrial Relations is the important task of Human Resource Manager”. Do you agree or Disagree, Substantiate your views.

Q3. Elaborate Labour Welfare practice prevails currently in India and detail about the impact of Labour Welfare practice on Indian Economy.

Q4. “Due importance are given to Working Conditions in Indian Industry”- Do you agree or not, Give your reasons.

Legal Environment of Business

Q1. The Indian contract Act, 1872 is not a complete code dealing with all branches of the law of contract” .Comment

Q2. Mr. Vipin of Delhi engaged Mr. Abhishek as his agent to buy a house in west extension area. Mr. Abhishek bought a house for Rs. 20 lakhs in the name of a nominee and then purchased it himself for Rs 35 lakhs. He then sold the same house to Mr. Vipin for Rs 40 lakhs. Mr. Vipin later comes to know the mischief of Mr. Abhishek and tries to recover the excess amount paid to Mr. Abhishek. Is he entitled to recover any amount from Mr. Abhishek? If so, how much can he recover? Explain.

Q3. One of the benefits of listing is the easy transferability of the securities listed on a stock exchange. If so justify this statement.

Q4. “The memorandum of association is the fundamental law or a charter defining the objects and limiting the powers of a company” - Explain

Management Information System

Q1. What do you know about Top management responsibility. Give suitable examples for responsibility.

Q2. What will affect the System planning and the mutual investigation? Illustrate with suitable example input/output design.

Q3. You are asked to write the System Development Life cycle. Explain this statement by using examples.

Q4. If you were the vice president of a company, what system would you use to develop the management information system?

Managerial Communication

Q1. Communication has its own merits and demerits based on the types? Discuss the above with an example of your own.

Q2. It is difficult to study the growth of a firm without proper recordings of the proceedings – Discuss the essentials of maintaining such activities in detail.

Q3. Success of an individual is based on the way he communicates with the people around him – Discuss the above statement in relation with a HR Department.

Q4. Noise is from both external and internal sources, what are they and how it can be overcome – Discuss in detail.

Managerial Economics

Q1. “The objective of Managerial Economics is to provide framework for analysing business decisions. Instead of presenting detailed list of rules for specific decision-making, managerial economics addresses the larger economic forces that shape day-to-day decision-making”. Critically analyse the above statement.

Q2. “The quantity demanded of any good appears to depend upon utility, price and income”. Elucidate the above statement with appropriate example.

Q3. “If the production function is homogeneous with constant returns to scale everywhere, the returns to a single variable factor will be diminishing”. Comment

Q4. “If there is active price competition and free entry, the equilibrium output under monopolistic competition will be very close to the minimum cost-output. However, if firms avoid price competition and instead enter into non-price competition there will be excess capacity in each firm”. Comment the above statement.

Marketing Management

Q1. “Chinese computer and electronic products possess advantages in design, innovation, rapid response and global market flexibility”- comment.

Q2. “Legal aspects protect competitors and consumers from many unethical pricing strategies that unscrupulous marketers may wish to attempt”. Critically analyse the statement.

Q3. “Advertising on the internet has changed significantly over the past decade and some might argue that it is for the worse" Do you agree or disagree? Discuss with practical illustrations.

Q4. Examine the challenges encountered by the pharmaceutical wholesale distributor for surviving and thriving in this new and ever changing environment

Operations Management

Q1. Operations management is the area of creating competitive advantage. Do you agree? Justify your answer.

Q2. A manufacturer requires 10,000 items per year. Price discount as follows:

a) Rs. 4 up to 2000 items, Rs. 3.80 between 2000 and 4000 items. Rs.3.70 for quantities above 4000. Ordering cost = Rs. 50.

b) Comparative inventory cost = 25% per year of average inventory price.

c) Determine the optimum purchase policy under discount.

Q3. Explain JIT. Do you think it is practically feasible in India? What is your suggestion for implementing JIT?

Q4. Operations personnel usually have a large volume and variety of resources at their command. They should endeavour to make effective and efficient use of these resources to achieve the largest outputs. Comment! What are the approaches for enhancing the utilization of resources?

Principles of Management

Q1. What do you see as the main difference between a successful and an unsuccessful decision? How much does luck versus skill have to do with it? Give a detail note on it.

Q2. Take any two Indian companies and examine how they have succeeded or failed due to poor strategic planning.

Q3. Suggest a method of departmentation for a large multi-product organization with a huge market spread over the whole country. Explain the reasons for your suggestions.

Q4. ‘Motivation is the core of management’. Comment. What practical suggestions would you offer to management to motivate its staff in an industrial organization?

Project Management and Entrepreneurship

Q1. Describe two areas in a manufacturing project where there is a high level of uncertainty. How do you tackle these uncertainties?

Q2. Explain how to break the total project works and some major parts of the works into smaller and manageable item. Relate your answer to project phases, cost account, work package, activities and project schedule.

Q3. Sensitivity to environmental factors is crucial for an entrepreneur. Explain with your own experience relevant to the statement.

Q4(a) Evaluate the support programmes undertaken by the Government for the promotion of entrepreneurship in India.

Q4(b) Explain how the women entrepreneurship plays major role in improving the economy of India

Research Methodology and Statistics

Q1. “Human Lock” a leading human security force company has planned to know the employee satisfaction level and the problems faced by employees in their job at various levels. As a consultant you are requested to complete the task. Design a suitable questionnaire for this purpose by considering different dimensions related to human security force, and suggests a suitable sampling design for the collection of data.

Q2. You are the R & D Manager of a research consultancy company. You have been assigned to conduct a customer satisfaction study about cosmetic products of a leading cosmetic company in India. You conducted the study and you are ready to submit the report. How will you prepare the research report for your client? (Use your own data and other relevant information)

Q3. Mr. Puneeth, the personnel manager of a Textile Mill is recruiting its graduate trainees through two consultancy agencies. The performance index (0 – 10 scale) of the trainees from each consultancy agency follows normal distribution. The variance of the performance index of the trainees selected through a Consultancy Agency X is 12 and that of the trainees selected through another Consultancy Agency Y is 6. The manager feels that the mean performance index of the trainees selected through the Consultancy Agency X is less than that of the trainees selected through the Consultancy Agency Y. To test his intuition, he has drawn a sample of 64 trainees selected through the Consultancy Agency X and their mean performance index is found to be 8. Similarly, he has drawn a sample of 81 trainees selected through the Consultancy Agency Y and their mean performance index is found to be 6.5. Test the intuition of Mr. Puneeth at a significant level of 0.01.

Q4. “The economy of a nation depends on the quantum of research and development activities” – Comment on the statement and substantiate your views with real time examples

Software Project Management

Q1. Identify the key aspects in which modern software project management practices differs from those of traditional software project management.

Q2. Assume the size of an organic type software product has been estimated to be 32,000 lines of source code. Assume that the average salary of a software engineer is Rs.75,000 per month. Determine the effort required to develop the software product and the nominal development time.

Q3. (a) List any four attributes that contribute to the quality software product. Discuss how they influence software quality. (b) Develop a set of guidelines for conducting a formal technical review.

Q4. Illustrate with a software, the process in determining the software WBS architecture, populate the software WBS and in determining the cost categories for the software.

Statistics for Managers

Q1. A random sample of 1000 workers from south India show that their mean wages are Rs. 47 per week with a standard deviation of Rs. 28. A random sample of 1500 workers from North India gives a mean wage of Rs. 49 per week with a standard deviation of Rs. 40. Is there any significant difference between their mean levels of wages?

Q2. Calculate seasonal indices for the data given below by the link relative method

Quarter	Years
	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
I	45	48	49	52	60
II	54	56	63	65	70
III	72	63	70	75	84
IV	60	56	65	72	66

Q3. The following is the summary of a survey on the color of pens purchased by persons belonging to different age groups. use chi-square test at 5 % level of significance to find whether the age of the person has any association with the choice of color.

Color Age Group	Blue	Black	Red
Less than 20	8	12	20
20-50	10	15	10
Above 50	10	10	5

Q4. The following data represents rainfall (x) and yield of paddy per hectare (y) in a

particular area.

x	113	102	95	120	140	130	125
y	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.1	2.0	1.7

a) Fit the regression equation x on y

b) Estimate y when x = 145

c) Calculate karl pearson’s coefficient of correlation.

d) Calculate regression coefficient x on y and y on

Strategic Management

Q1. If strategic planning is essentially a program, can it display the degree of adaptiveness that 21st century enterprises need? Would ‘strategic improvisation’ be a plausible alternative? Explore the practical consequences of strategic improvisation for enterprise management.

Q2. Select an automobile industry in India, and evaluate its competitive business strategy using porter’s five force model? What strategies can you suggest to convert the unattractive forces in to attractive ones?

Q3. “Complementary mergers may result in each firm filling in the missing pieces of their firm with pieces from other firm” – Examine the validity of the statement in the Indian context with necessary examples.

Q4. ‘Formality is the enemy of creativity and innovation’. ‘informality is the enemy of disciplined and reliable performance’. Is it consequently impossible for an enterprise to be both innovative and disciplined? Investigate how these qualities can be combined.

STRUCTURED SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Q1.(a) Some companies hire consulting firms to develop the initial project plans and manage the project, but use their own analysts and programmers to develop the system. Why do you think some companies do this? Justify your views

Q1 (b): Suppose you are a systems analyst developing a detailed test plan. Explain the testing strategies you will use in your plan. Will you use live or simulated data?

Q2. (a) What is the drawback of DFD? Draw a DFD for the university admission system.

Q2(b) Draw O-level, 1-level and 2-level DFDs depicting various processes, data flow and data repositories for a retail readymade garment stores. Follow the appropriate conventions/symbols

Q3.(a) How will you design databases for an application? Explain with any one example.

Q3(b) Describe the sequential and indexed sequential organizations and comment on their applicability in file design.

Training and Development

Q1. A leading FMCG company in India decides to train its entire population of employees and managers to provide “Legendary Customer Service.” Suggest and explicate a design for evaluating the impact of such a massive training effort.

Q2. Is training transfer an important issue in the automobile manufacturing companies? How transfer is evaluated in those companies? Design an action plan sheet that a manager and employee could use to facilitate transfer of training. Justify each category included in the action plan.

Q3. In a financial services company where 100 employees are working in information technology department had a high employee turnover rate. A survey of employees revealed that the reason most left was dissatisfaction with the level of training. The average turnover rate was 23 percent per year. The cost to recruit and train one new employee was Rs. 56,625/-. To address the turnover problem, the company developed a skills training program that averaged 80 hours per year per employee. The average employee wage was Rs. 35/- per hour. Instructor, classroom, and other costs were Rs. 170,000/-.

a) What is the total cost of training? The total cost of turnover?

b) If the turnover rate dropped 8 percent (from 23 percent to 15 percent), what was the financial benefit of the training program?

c) What was the ROI of the training program?

d) How much would the turnover rate have to be reduced (from 23 percent) for the training program to show a benefit?

Q4. Assume you are a personnel manager in an service organization, if you had an opportunity to choose between adventure learning and action learning for developing an effective team in your organisation, which would you prefer? Defend your choice with precise justification.